ABSTRACT
Abstract The persistence of serum-specific anti-chikungunya IgM antibodies (CHIKV-IgM) can vary after chikungunya fever (CHIK) infection. However, the factors related to its production are not yet known. We described a case series drawn up from data collected from 57 patients between 12 and 36 months after the acute phase of CHIK infection in Northeastern Brazil. CHIKV-IgM was detectable in 7/57 (12.3%) patients after 28.3 months of infection. No frequency differences in chronic musculoskeletal manifestations and underlying conditions were detected between patients with or without CHIKV-IgM. CHIKV-IgM was detected for up to 35 months in Brazilian patients after CHIK infection.
Subject(s)
Humans , Chikungunya virus , Chikungunya Fever/diagnosis , Brazil , Immunoglobulin M , Antibodies, ViralABSTRACT
Abstract We present a case of atypical presentation of secondary syphilis with extensive lymph node involvement and pulmonary lesions, initially suspected as lymphoma. The patient presented with weight loss, dry cough, chest pain, palpable lymph nodes in several peripheral chains, and multiple pulmonary nodules and masses on chest imaging. The key features for secondary syphilis diagnosis were a lymph node biopsy suggestive of reactive lymphadenopathy, positive serologic tests for syphilis, and complete recovery after antisyphilitic treatment.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Syphilis/diagnosis , Lymphadenopathy/diagnosis , Lung Diseases/diagnosis , Lymphoma/diagnosis , Biopsy , Syphilis/complications , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Diagnosis, Differential , Lymphadenopathy/microbiology , Lung Diseases/microbiologyABSTRACT
Summary Objective: To determine the prevalence of burnout syndrome among resident physicians of various specialties and to evaluate associated factors. Method: The Maslach Burnout Inventory questionnaire and a sociodemographic questionnaire were used to evaluate factors associated with the syndrome. Burnout was defined as the association of high emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and low professional achievement. Multivariate analysis was performed after adjustment of the Poisson model with the identification of risk factors and calculation of prevalence ratios (PR). Of the 250 resident physicians registered with Hospital das Clínicas of Pernambuco, 129 participated in the study. Results: In the three domains that characterize burnout syndrome, we found a low level of professional achievement in 94.6% of resident physicians interviewed, a high level of depersonalization in 31.8%, and 59.7% with a high level of emotional exhaustion. The prevalence of burnout was 27.9%. Having suffered a stressful event in the last six months (PR: 8.10; 95CI 1.2-57.2) and being a student of surgical specialty (PR: 1.99; 95CI 1.2-3.3) were independently associated with burnout. Conclusion: The prevalence of burnout found in resident physicians is in accordance with previous Brazilian studies. Residents of surgical specialties and those who suffered some stressful event were identified as susceptible in this study. The early identification of risk factors is fundamental for the implementation of preventive measures against burnout syndrome.
Resumo Objetivo: Determinar a prevalência da síndrome de burnout entre médicos residentes de várias especialidades e avaliar os fatores associados. Método: Foram aplicados o questionário Maslach Burnout Inventory e um questionário sócio-demográfico para avaliar fatores associados à síndrome. Burnout foi definido pela associação de alto desgaste emocional e despersonalização e baixa realização profissional. Análise multivariada foi realizada por meio do ajuste do modelo de Poisson com a identificação dos fatores de risco e calculadas as razões de prevalência (RP). Dos 250 médicos residentes cadastrados no Hospital das Clínicas de Pernambuco, 129 participaram do estudo. Resultados: Nos três domínios que caracterizam a síndrome de burnout, encontramos um baixo nível de realização profissional em 94,6% dos médicos residentes entrevistados, alto nível de despersonalização em 31,8% e 59,7% com alto nível de desgaste emocional. A prevalência de burnout encontrada foi de 27,9%. Ter sofrido evento estressante nos seis meses anteriores (RP: 8,10; IC 95% 1,2-57,2) e cursar especialidade cirúrgica (RP: 1,99; IC 95% 1,2-3,3) estiveram associados de forma independente ao burnout. Conclusão: A prevalência de burnout encontrada em médicos residentes está de acordo com estudos brasileiros prévios. Residentes de especialidades cirúrgicas e aqueles que sofreram evento estressor foram identificados como susceptíveis neste estudo. A identificação precoce dos fatores de risco é fundamental para a implementação de medidas preventivas para o não desenvolvimento da síndrome.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Achievement , Burnout, Professional/etiology , Internship and Residency/statistics & numerical data , Brazil , Burnout, Professional/psychology , Burnout, Professional/epidemiology , Prevalence , Surveys and Questionnaires , Risk Factors , Hospitals, UniversityABSTRACT
Abstract Introduction: In Brazil, glomerulopathies are the third leading cause of chronic renal disease, accounting for 11% of dialysis patients. Studies on the prevalence of this disease in Northeastern Brazil are scarce. Objective: The aim was to describe the findings of biopsies and to conduct a comparative analysis on the clinical laboratory presentation of primary glomerulopathies (PG) and secondary glomerulopathies (SG). Methods: This was a retrospective study conducted at two public teaching hospitals in the state of Pernambuco, Northeastern Brazil. Results: A total of 1151 biopsies performed between 1998 and 2016 were analyzed. The sample consisted of 670 biopsies of native kidneys, after excluding extra glomerular diseases and unsuitable material. PG were more frequent than SG (58% vs. 42%). There was a prevalence among PG of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (43%). Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis and collapsing glomerulopathy, accounted for 9% and 3% of the PG, respectively. For SG, the main etiologies were lupus nephritis (67%) and infections (10%). Female sex, hematuria and an elevated level of creatinine were related to a greater chance of SG, at multivariate analysis. An increase of proteinuria reduced this chance. Nephrotic syndrome was more common among the PG, while urinary abnormalities and nephritic syndrome prevailed in patients with SG. Conclusion: This is the first registry of glomerulopathies in Northeastern Brazil. It also presents a comparative analysis of the main clinical laboratory abnormalities of PG and SG, and includes the current classifications of glomerular diseases.
Resumo Introdução: No Brasil, glomerulopatias são a terceira causa de doença renal crônica terminal, responsáveis por 11% dos pacientes em diálise. Entretanto, estudos sobre a prevalência desta patologia no nordeste do Brasil são escassos. Objetivo: O objetivo foi descrever os achados das biópsias e analisar comparativamente a apresentação clínico laboratorial entre as glomerulopatias primárias (GP) e as glomerulopatias secundárias (GS). Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo, realizado em dois hospitais públicos de ensino do estado de Pernambuco, nordeste do Brasil. Resultados: Foram avaliadas 1.151 biópsias, de 1998 a 2016. A amostra foi composta por 670 biópsias de rins nativos, após exclusão de patologias extra glomerulares e materiais inadequados. GP foram mais frequentes do que GS (58% × 42%). Dentre as GP, houve predomínio de glomeruloesclerose segmentar e focal (GESF). Glomerulonefrite membranoproliferativa e glomerulopatia colapsante foram responsáveis por 9% e 3% das GP, respectivamente. Das GS, as etiologias principais foram nefrite lúpica (67%) e infecciosas (10%). Sexo feminino, hematúria e nível elevado de creatinina estiveram relacionadas a uma maior chance de GS na análise multivariada. Síndrome nefrótica foi mais comum dentre as GP, já anormalidades urinárias e síndrome nefrítica prevaleceram nos pacientes com GS. Conclusões: Este é o primeiro registro de glomerulopatias do nordeste do Brasil. Demonstrou-se também uma análise comparativa das principais alterações clínico laboratoriais das GP e GS, com classificações atualizadas das doenças glomerulares.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Glomerulonephritis/diagnosis , Glomerulonephritis/epidemiology , Biopsy , Brazil/epidemiology , Registries , Retrospective Studies , Kidney/pathologyABSTRACT
Apesar da redução na incidência de tétano acidental no Brasil, não houve queda significativa na letalidade. Nesta série de casos, comparamos a letalidade antes e após o estabelecimento padrão de manejo em unidade de terapia intensiva do paciente com tétano no Hospital Universitário Oswaldo Cruz, no período de 1981 a 2004. Em 24 anos, foram internados 1.971 pacientes e antes do manejo em Unidade de terapia intensiva a letalidade era de 35 por cento. Durante 1997 foi instituída a unidade de terapia intensiva para assistência dos pacientes com tétano, e de 1998 a 2004, a letalidade caiu para 12,6 por cento, OR= 0,27 (IC95 por cento= 0,18- 0,39); p<0,001. Esta tendência foi evidenciada em todas as faixas etárias e em ambos os sexos. A centralização da assistência a esses pacientes em um único serviço especializado com Unidade de terapia intensiva de forma precoce, portanto, tem sido decisiva na redução da letalidade, por contar com a vasta experiência da equipe de saúde no manejo do tétano e melhor tratamento sintomático, antecipando as graves complicações da doença.
Despite reductions in the incidence of accidental tetanus cases in Brazil, there has not been any significant decrease in its mortality. In this case series, the mortality rates before and after establishing standard management practices for tetanus patients in the intensive care unit at the Oswaldo Cruz University Hospital are compared over the period from 1981 to 2004. Over these 24 years, 1.971 patients were admitted. Before establishing the intensive care unit management, the mortality rate was 35 percent. The Intensive care unit for attending to tetanus patients was established in 1997. From 1998 to 2004, the mortality rate fell to 12.6 percent: OR = 0.27 (95 percent CI = 0.18-0.39); p < 0.001. This trend was seen in all age groups and both sexes. The centralization of attendance for these patients into a single specialized service with early treatment in an intensive care unit has therefore been decisive in reducing the mortality rate. This service can count on the medical team's vast experience of tetanus management, with better treatment of symptoms that forestalls the serious complications from this disease.